Screening and Prevention of Colon Cancer
Screening can find colorectal cancer early, when it is easier to treat. Many people find the screening process easier than expected. Current guidelines recommend that most adults begin screening at age 45.
Overview of Colon Cancer
Your colon, also called the large intestine, plays an important role in digestion. It absorbs water and minerals and stores waste before it leaves the body. The inner lining of the colon is made up of cells that help move waste through the digestive system.
Sometimes, growths called polyps can form in this lining. While most polyps are harmless, some can slowly change over time and become cancer. The most common type of colorectal cancer develops from these cells and is called adenocarcinoma.
As cancer grows, it can spread into the wall of the intestine and to other parts of the body. Many people do not notice symptoms in the early stages. When symptoms do occur, they may include these:
Common Signs and Symptoms
- Changes in bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation, or narrowing of stools)
- Blood in the stool or rectal bleeding
- Ongoing abdominal pain or cramping
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue or low iron levels (anemia)
If these symptoms last more than two weeks, it is important to talk with your doctor.
Colorectal Cancer: A Growing Concern for Younger Adults
Colorectal cancer is no longer a disease that affects only older adults. Recent national data show an increase in colorectal cancer among people under age 50. It is now the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States for adults under 50.
Most younger adults with colorectal cancer are diagnosed at a later stage of the disease, when treatment can be more difficult. This is one reason medical organizations lowered the recommended screening age to 45.
Despite these updated guidelines, many younger adults have not yet been screened. Early conversations with a healthcare provider are especially important for people with symptoms, a family history of colorectal cancer, or other risk factors.
Colorectal Cancer Statistics
- Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States.
- It is the second-leading cause of cancer death in the U.S. when men and women are combined.
- It is now the leading cause of cancer death for people under age 50 in the United States.
- Colorectal cancer is slightly more common in men than in women.
- In the U.S., rates are higher in Black Americans and in American Indian/Alaska Native communities than in White Americans.
- Colorectal cancer is more common after age 50, but rates have been increasing in younger adults.
Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer
Several factors may increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer. These include:
- Being overweight or obese
- Lack of regular physical activity
- Diets high in processed foods and low in fiber
- Frequent consumption of red or processed meats
- Excessive alcohol use
- Low intake of fruits and vegetables
Researchers are also studying the role of gut bacteria and digestive health in colorectal cancer. While not all risk factors can be controlled, healthy lifestyle choices and regular screening can significantly reduce risk.
Here is the good news…
Colorectal cancer is one of the most preventable cancers. Screening can find polyps before they turn into cancer, and early-stage cancer is often highly treatable.
Advances in screening and treatment have greatly improved outcomes. When colorectal cancer is found early, many patients go on to live long, healthy lives.
When and How to Be Screened
Most adults at average risk should begin colorectal cancer screening at age 45.
Who Should Be Screened Earlier?
People with a family history of colon cancer, colon polyps, inflammatory bowel disease, or certain genetic conditions may need to start screening earlier.
There are several screening options available. Colonoscopy is considered the most comprehensive test because it allows doctors to find and remove polyps during the same procedure.
Our physicians and staff are highly experienced and provide a comfortable, efficient colonoscopy experience in an outpatient setting. We offer flexible scheduling, including direct-access colonoscopy appointments or office consultations when needed.
Further Reading
American Cancer Society — Colorectal Cancer Facts & Statistics
(Primary source for screening guidelines, incidence, and outcomes)
Wall Street Journal — Coverage of rising colorectal cancer rates in adults under age 50
(News reporting on recent research; subscription may be required)
